Roman Missal FAQs

What is the Roman Missal?

In physical form, the Roman Missal or Missale Romanum, is the large, red book we most commonly see placed on the altar or being held by a server during Mass. We used to refer to it as the Sacramentary. It contains all of the prayers, chants, and instructions for the celebration of Mass. The first version of this important document was created centuries ago in Latin. The first English translation was done following the Second Vatican Council. The current translation we use at Mass is the third edition of the Roman Missal.

Why was there a need for a new translation?

During the Jubilee Year in 2000, Pope John Paul II issued the third edition of the Roman Missal. This revised edition includes many new texts, prayers, and saints' days. Like every liturgical book, it is first published in Latin and then translated to other languages.

The Second Vatican Council maintained the church's preference for the Latin language. However, it also allowed for the use of the vernacular language (the common language of the people) at Mass. Abiding by the principles of translation outlined in Liturgiam Authenticam, this most recent translation includes language that adheres more closely to the essence of the original Latin text. It also employs a richer language and vocabulary that requires us to reflect more deeply on the Eucharistic celebration.

Who worked on the translation?

The process of translating liturgical texts is no simple task. It requires the expertise and counsel of several groups of people. The International Commission on English in the Liturgy (ICEL) prepares English translations of liturgical texts for English-speaking countries. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) and other conferences receive drafts of the new translation. They review the texts and submit comments and suggestions to ICEL, who then proposes more drafts. Once approved by each conference, it is sent to the Vatican for final approval.

Once at the Vatican, the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments reviews the translated texts. They offer authoritative approval, or recognitio, and grants permission for the use of the revised translations. This process is also aided by Vox Clara, a special committee of bishops and consultants representing English-speaking countries.

Who currently uses the new translation?

The new English translation of the Roman Missal is meant to be used by all parishes in the English-speaking world. This includes the United States, Australia, Canada, England and Wales, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Scotland, and South Africa.

When did we begin to use the new translation at Mass?

The new translation of the Roman Missal was first used at Mass on November 27, 2011, the First Sunday of Advent. However, many of the sung responses of the Mass were introduced earlier.

What is different about the new translation?

Most noticeably, the style of the third edition is different. Using the principles of translation established by the Holy See, the revised texts follow the style of the original Latin more closely. This includes using poetic images, repetitions, rhythms, and scriptural references. The new English texts are more formal and dignified in style.

The third edition also contains prayers for the celebration of recently canonized saints, new prefaces for the Eucharistic prayers, additional Masses for various needs and intentions, and updated instructions (or rubrics) for the celebration of Mass.

How has the revised Roman Missal affected parishes?

Parishes across the country have done many things to prepare for the new translation of the Roman Missal. They replaced many liturgical books and worship aids. Many priests and deacons have practiced proclaiming the new texts and prepared homilies to help the faithful deepen their understanding of the new translation as well as the Liturgy. Music ministers and the faithful will learn new musical settings for the parts of the Mass, such as the Gloria and Holy, Holy. Teacher and catechists will help parishioners as well as children in school and religious education to learn new prayers and responses. For many parishes, this is a great opportunity to review and reexamine their liturgical practices.

If my parish liked the old translation better, can we continue using that one?

In short, no. The USCCB established November 27, 2011 - the First Sunday of Advent - as the official date for the first and mandatory use of new translation. Hopefully, the new translation will inspire all Catholics to grow deeper their love and appreciation of the Liturgy.

Do these new changes mean that the old translation was incorrect?

Certainly not. The translation we once used was a good and valid translation and was approved by the conferences of bishops and the Holy See. It was the product of much hard and noble work by the first English translators. It helped nurture the faith of generations of Catholics. However, new principles for translation have recently been implemented, and we in turn must adapt. The revised translation attempts to improve the previous translation by using an elevated style of language while retaining poetic imagery and scriptural allusions.